Rabu, 23 April 2014

tugas bhs.inggris softskill - artikel perbandingan ekonomi indonesia dengan negara eropa dalam bidang koperasi


COMPARISON BETWEEN STATE COOPERATIVE SAVINGS AND LOANS WITH INDONESIA EUROPE ( UNITED)

Credit unions are cooperatives that specifically accepts savings and provides loans to its members .Such cooperatives can be distinguished from
Other cooperatives , credit unions , for example , particularly agricultural credit cooperatives
provide loans using funds from financial institutions
Another , do not use the funds from members . Agricultural cooperatives in the United States in
general form of cooperative kredit .

The purpose of the credit cooperatives ( credit unions) is to develop an attitude of life-saving
among poor people and save them from the moneylenders . Even now, even for
credit union serving customers who have never touched by other financial institutions .
Two cooperative movement started by Delitsch and Raffeisen , despite different ideologies , but
have the same function .
The idea of ​​credit unions spread to Canada , then to America in the early 20th century and developed by the Indian
British government officials as well as to other areas . British motivation for
develop credit cooperatives in India as in America , influenced by
Dutch rule in Indonesia, which pioneered the Credit Institutions District and Village Unit
Bank Rakyat Indonesia . Since 1895 the Dutch government in Indonesia to
experiment with the form of savings and loan institutions . At first there is a desire
to form a cooperative , but the idea was rejected .
But a source says " The main farm credit cooperative " in India has over 139 million members by the number of
cooperative of more than 139 thousand . While the amount of the share capital and savings of nearly 1.3
trillion rupees ( about 26 billion dollars ) , and agricultural credit as much as 206 billion rupees ( approximately
4-5 billion dollars ) , or about 46 % of total loans pertanian8 . Meanwhile , the bank
commercial ( non - cooperative ) in India there are 7 trillion and 3.7 trillion rupees rupee savings kredit9
In India there are also non - agricultural credit cooperatives ( urban banks ) with the amount of savings
reach 0.6 trillion or 50 % of the total savings of agricultural cooperatives .
The influence of external organizers cause quite interesting contradiction . organizer outside
always want to control the formation of institutions . But the cooperative as an institution
democratic can not be controlled entirely by the organizers . There are two reasons
why organizers formed a cooperative , the lust of the organizers that the institution
formation can be self-sufficient and not dependent on the organizers or agencies
organizers . Second, there is great legitimacy in the democratic system by forming
cooperative institutions . This is actually the motive that drives the movement of distaste
anti - financial institutions together . Because of its democratic gives cooperatives
disseminating state legitimacy and still have a strong influence in the system
capitalist . But still there is a contradiction between the cooperative ownership ( which is established and
collectively taken care of ) the economic systems of individuals who have damaged the institution
with other financial .
While credit unions remain unaffected by the attacks of the anti - institution
together due to financial constraints in regulatory and internal strength of
The credit unions .
Supervision of Cooperative Savings and Loan As A Financial Institution .
Financial institutions typically be subject to oversight by the government , either directly
or indirectly through trade organizations . This is because they
responsible for public funds as well as the demand from the public to fund
they are protected . Means to conduct surveillance of slow growth and yet
complete in many countries . While the form of deposits with changed masyarakatpun
quickly making it difficult to distinguish which is the payment for trade
" Real " . However most countries have banned public fund raising
by institutions / individuals who are not authorized , except that comply with the rules and regulations ..
Countries that credit unions have made ​​provisions
set about it , but there are fundamental differences in the extent to which the
credit unions are allowed to perform activities of non - members of the cooperative and
financial transactions they can do .
Traditionally , the focus of attention is the savings credit cooperatives , while loans granted
only if fully secured by savings deposited in the cooperative . Besides Indonesia ,
several other countries also have credit unions that also serves as a tool for
distribute government loans . Cooperatives in India and other developing countries ,
particularly in Asia , also has the same pattern with cooperatives in Indonesia . In the U.S. , the cooperative
credit sizeable expansion in lending , though still limited
for customers who have a relationship with a " group " itself . Meanwhile , the bank
commercial conduct of the protest " unfair competition " and tried to keep the
credit unions are taxed higher . Such taxes have been established in Canada , but
has only little effect on competition
In countries where the cooperative use of government funds in large numbers ,
cooperatives through the same thing as that experienced by financial institutions lainnyz . height
level of arrears is often threaten the financial stability of the cooperative itself. It is also
occur on agricultural credit cooperatives in the U.S. and credit cooperative systems in a number of countries in
Asia . Some countries , such as Bangladesh and the U.S. , tried to renew
cooperative organization in the hope of avoiding the difficulties of cooperative
as experienced in the past .
It is difficult to say whether there is a benefit or not in the presence of financial institutions
cooperatives . Cases that occurred in Indonesia and India , no different cooperative banks
involved with the provision of rural credit , which is heavily dominated by bureaucracy and
government , so that formal ownership is unclear . As for
cooperatives are democratically controlled by its members , sometimes by
a group of local elites , can be well-developed and sustainable . the above
not occur in the form of savings and loan institutions in the U.S. and other English which often
privatizing the agency to obtain a higher capital increase
for its shareholders .
Cooperative circumstances in Indonesia
The state of credit unions in Indonesia is quite difficult . Although many cooperatives in position
strong and profitable , but many more who are in a weakened condition and very
depending on government funding . To reach a better state may be required
closer scrutiny and form the depositor insurance .
However, the opposite trend occurred , with the regional autonomy , many cooperatives
savings and loans are no longer report their activities and there is no mechanism that can
forcing them to do so . We know that there are currently plans
that credit unions provide reports on a regular basis , at least for those
who has or would like to receive funding from the government .
There are two major groups of credit unions , namely the credit union and Baitul Mal wa tamwil
( BMT ) who perform activities outside the existing regulatory framework , although they are now
're making amendments
There is a Great Opportunity for Cooperative Savings and Loan .
This above is due to the bias against small local banks , increased requirements
capital for BPR ( Rural Bank ) thus opening the opportunity for
credit unions as institutions depositors with a good image and be careful .
Bank Rakyat Indonesia continues to expand in this market with village units and banks
Others did the same thing . However, banks are only able to serve
only a small fraction markets . BPR and LDKPs (Institute of Regional Rural Finance ) actually
have a good chance , but they have limitations because of the high structure
costs . Credit unions can keep costs low for small loans
so that they can compete effectively in the market . If they can continue
expand its business well should they are able to attract the funds
penyimbang to give the money interest rate menarik.Situasi cooperative is not clear , because
lack of reporting and monitoring . We do not know how the actual circumstances
the savings and credit cooperatives in Indonesia . An attempt we have made to the
certain provinces indicate that there is a possibility of any proportion cooperatives reported
several hundred percent smaller than the actual condition . A recent study
conducted by GTZ ( German technical aid ) showed some indikator12 . Chapter 6 of
The study , entitled " Cooperative Sector and Microfinance " . The last word , namely financial
micro , associated in particular with the cooperative banks Swamitra associated with Bukopin
and TPSP ( Place of Care Savings and Loans ) , a form similar to the cooperative
Bank Rakyat Indonesia . The article summarizes the state of the legal aspects and legislation .
The essence of the invention in the article are as follows :
" Cooperative sector in Indonesia is a sub - system of the worst microfinance
administration , lack pegawasan and lack of confidence in the report
given a fundamental weakness . The available data is not data
up - to-date and can not be used as a handle to perform the analysis . " material is more
Details are given for West Nusa Tenggara . The proportion of activities funded from deposits
only a small fraction, compared with other regions . But in keselurahan normalnormal
only .

Senin, 24 Maret 2014

tugas softskill bahasa inggris bisnis 2 - CV


C U R R I C U L U M   V I T A E

P e r s o n a l   D e t a i l s
Name                           :  Anita Sarahwati
Place/date of birth         :  Jakarta, January 06 1992
Sex                               :  Female
Marital status                :  Single
Religion                       :  Moeslim                                          
Nationality                  :  Indonesian
Address                       :  Jl.Irigasi  Rt 005/ Rw 021 Pekayon Jaya, Bekasi
Phone                          :  (021)8221180
Handphone                 :  082112983458
Email                           :  anita.sw06@yahoo.com

Formal Education
·         2010                :  Economic Management Of Gunadarma University
·         2007 – 2010    :  Senior High School 8 Bekasi
·         2004 – 2007    :  Junior High School Tunas Jakasampurna Bekasi
·         1998 – 2004    :  SD Negri 1 Pekayon Jaya - Bekasi

Computer Skill
  • Microsoft Office Word, Microsoft Office Power Point, Microsoft Office Excel
Personality

Good attitude, kind, communicative, diligent, tolerant, target oriented, discipline, honest, and be responsible

tugas softskill bahasa inggris bisnis 2 - cv dan passive voice


Passive Voice
Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.
Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
S + auxiliary verb + past participle
Catatan:
  • Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
  • Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
  • Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).
Contoh:
She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)
  • Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.
Contoh:
play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh:
  • I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
  • The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.
Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.
Contoh:
play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
Komponen Contoh Passive Voice dalam Kalimat Subject be PP
I am paid I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe is used The red velvet recipe is used by many people.
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes are washed All of my shoes are washed every month.
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)

large amounts of meat and milk are consumed Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries.
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book was edited The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books were edited The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Kalimat Dengan Dua Bentuk PASIF

Ada kalimat yang terdiri lebih dari satu bentuk pasif. Hal ini dapat diketahui dengan adanya Past
Participle dalam kalimat.

Misalnya :

The ring bought yesterday has been stolen
Cincin yang dibeli kemarin telah dicuri

Contoh lainnya :
- The girl adored by your brother has been married
  Gadis yang ditaksir oleh saudaramu itu telah menikah

- Babies born in this hospital are given some presents
  Bayi-bayi yang lahir di Rumah sakit ini diberi beberapa hadiah

- Children educated in schools have to be guided
  Anak-anak yang dididik disekolah harus dibimbing

- The house built many years ago will be knocked down
  Rumah yang dibangun pada zaman dahulu itu akan dirobohkan


Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Tense

- Kalimat aktif dalam past tense menggunakan Kata Kerja II
- Kalimat pasif dalam past tense menggunakan was were + kata kerja III (past participle)

contoh :
(active)   they signed the agreement
               mereka menandatangani surat perjanjian itu
(passive) the agreement was signed by them
               surat perjanjian itu ditandatangani oleh mereka

(active)   everyone enjoyed the party last night
               setiap orang menikmati pesta tadi malam
(passive) the party was enjoyed by everyone last night
               pesta itu dinikmati oleh setiap orang tadi malam

(active)   the bad news shocked me yesterday
               kabar buruk itu mengejutkan saya kemarin
(passive) i was shocked by the bad news yesterday
               saya terkejut oleh kabar buruk itu kemarin

(active)   we renovated this house in 2005
               kami memugar rumah ini pada tahun 2005
(passive) this house was renovated in 2005
               rumah ini dipugar pada tahun 2005

(active)   they took me to the airport
               mereka mengantarkan saya ke pelabuhan udara
 (passive)i was taken to the airport
               saya diantarkan ke pelabuhan udara


Phrasal verbs in the passive
Some phrasal and prepositional verbs and verbal idioms can be passive.
- The flats were knocked down last year
- Has the doctor been send for?
- Slavery should be done away with
- The child is always being made fun of
- The adverb or preposition (down, for) comes after the participle

References Book :
Raymond,murphy basic crammar in use. Cambridge university press 1998
English Grammar, Oleh Henricus Budi H.

References Internet :